EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceCybersecurityHeadquarters: IT

Bugbane: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Bugbane is an Android app that lets you examine your own device for signs of spyware and stalkerware and preserve evidence. The analysis runs entirely on the device itself: through Wireless Debugging the app issues commands to the same phone, with no separate computer and no root access. It uses public and private indicators of compromise in MVT's formats and exports encrypted, AndroidQF-compatible files for further analysis. The app is distributed as a beta channel through F-Droid, Google Play and GitHub Releases, and its makers describe it as experimental.

Bugbane is developed by Osservatorio Nessuno OdV, an Italian non-profit based in Turin that is run entirely by volunteers. The code is licensed under the GPL-3.0. According to its privacy policy, the app processes data only locally and sends no personal data to the maker; sharing happens only on your own initiative. Development was co-funded through NLnet and the EU's NGI Mobifree Fund.

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Sovereignty score
94 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-2100
    Headquartered in the EU: European law applies
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    EU-only hosting
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-6100
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 16, 2026
Headquarters
IT (EU)Verified by hand
Sovereignty model
Open-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hosting
EUVerified by hand
Open-source
YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
YesVendor-stated
Category
Cybersecurity
Type
Product
Website
bugbane.org ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Bugbane

The European alternatives to Bugbane come from our knowledge base of over 9,500 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

233 European Cybersecurity vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Bugbane

Bugbane is headquartered in IT and therefore falls under European law: the GDPR, NIS2 and the Data Act. No foreign legislation can compel access to your data.

Data is hosted exclusively in the EU, so Bugbane scores best on data residency.

Bugbane is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Bugbane together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Bugbane?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Bugbane include 1Protection.AI, 6cure Threat Protection and Actalis. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Bugbane?

Our list of EU alternatives to Bugbane is mostly commercial options. Browse the category on the map for open-source choices.

Is Bugbane GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Bugbane is headquartered in IT (EU) and hosts data in EU. It is also open-source, so you can self-host it. That makes Bugbane an EU-sovereign choice in its own right; the EU alternatives on this page are comparable European tools.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 16, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Cyber Resilience Act

Public signals that relate to the EU Cyber Resilience Act. They do not count towards the score. A missing line means "not found publicly".

We found none of these signals on the vendor's own site when we checked.

For products in scope of the CRA, CE marking is required from 11 December 2027; this cannot be checked yet.

Checked on October 16, 2026. What is the Cyber Resilience Act?

In the changelog

Earlier changes to this page, as listed in the public changelog.

Digital sovereignty in Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity: Threat detection, endpoint protection, SIEM, vulnerability management. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

Also in this category

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8 European alternatives to Bugbane — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score