EU Sovereignty Score
Non-EU vendorMusic StreamingHeadquarters: US

Mirlo: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Mirlo is an open-source platform on which artists sell digital and physical music and merchandise, receive recurring support from fans, manage mailing lists and post updates to supporters. Artists decide what percentage of each sale goes to the platform. Payments run through Stripe, and music can also be offered free. Labels are covered too, and the FAQ compares the service with Bandcamp and Patreon. NLnet funding under the EU's NGI Zero programme supports federating Mirlo instances with each other and the wider fediverse through ActivityPub.

Mirlo is maintained by a worker-owned cooperative that, by its own account, is legally incorporated in the United States. The code is released under the AGPL-3.0 or later, and the documentation explains how to install it on your own server with Docker. The hosted service at mirlo.space runs its API and background jobs on Render and stores files at Backblaze, both US companies; the Render configuration in the repository names the Oregon region, and the documentation states no region for Backblaze.

Sovereignty score
49 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-210
    Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
  • Data residency SOV-30
    No hosting in Europe (US)
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-665
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 16, 2026
Headquarters
US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision
Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model
Vendor-hosted (non-EU)Verified by hand
Data hosting
USVerified by hand
Open-source
YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
NoVendor-stated
Category
Type
Product
Website

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Mirlo

The European alternatives to Mirlo come from our knowledge base of over 9,500 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

38 European Music Streaming vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Mirlo

Mirlo is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Mirlo hosts data outside the EU (US). Personal data therefore leaves the EU, which requires a transfer mechanism under the GDPR and pulls the data residency score down.

Mirlo is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Mirlo together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Mirlo?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Mirlo include Acast, ARD Sounds and Ausha. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Mirlo?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Mirlo include Castopod. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Mirlo GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Mirlo is headquartered in US and hosts data in US. Its GDPR compliance is limited or unclear. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 16, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

In the changelog

Earlier changes to this page, as listed in the public changelog.

Digital sovereignty in Music Streaming

Music Streaming: Music streaming services — listening, playlists, podcasts. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

Also in this category

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8 European alternatives to Mirlo — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score