EU Sovereignty Score
Non-EU vendorDNS Privacy & FilteringHeadquarters: US

Cloudflare 1.1.1.1: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

1.1.1.1 is Cloudflare's free public DNS resolver. A DNS resolver translates domain names into IP addresses for any device or network that uses it. Under the same name Cloudflare offers a free app for iOS, Android, macOS, Windows and Linux, built around WARP, which routes a device's traffic through Cloudflare's network and encrypts more of its outgoing traffic so that an internet provider can see less. For businesses, WARP can be integrated with Cloudflare Gateway to protect remote workforces. The service is delivered as a cloud service and is not open source.

Cloudflare, Inc. is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and as a US company falls under US jurisdiction. According to its documentation, the resolver does not keep source IP addresses in non-volatile storage, apart from randomly sampled packets (at most 0.05% of traffic) used for troubleshooting and DoS mitigation. Truncated IP addresses are deleted within 25 hours, while aggregated statistics may be stored indefinitely. The documentation does not state where logs are stored. Cloudflare says it has engaged an accounting firm to audit its practices.

See the 8 European alternatives ↓Assess your stack with Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 pre-selected
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Sovereignty score
17 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-210
    Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
  • Data residency SOV-30
    No hosting in Europe (US, Global anycast)
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-320
    Key management with a non-European vendor
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-640
    Closed source: switching requires data migration
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-615
    Closed source, runtime with the vendor

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 4, 2026
Headquarters
US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision
Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model
Vendor-hosted (non-EU)Verified by hand
Data hosting
US, Global anycastVerified by hand
Open-source
NoVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
YesVendor-stated
Category
DNS Privacy & Filtering
Type
Product
Website
1.1.1.1 ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1

The European alternatives to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

24 European DNS Privacy & Filtering vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Cloudflare 1.1.1.1

Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 hosts data outside the EU (US, Global anycast). Personal data therefore leaves the EU, which requires a transfer mechanism under the GDPR and pulls the data residency score down.

Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 is closed source and hosted by the vendor. The encryption keys and the runtime sit with the vendor and switching requires data migration. Ask about bring-your-own-key, export options and open standards.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 include AdGuard DNS, AdGuard Home and Blocky. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 include AdGuard Home and Blocky. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 is headquartered in US and hosts data in US, Global anycast. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 4, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in DNS Privacy & Filtering

DNS Privacy & Filtering: Privacy-friendly DNS services, ad blocking and DNS filtering. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score