Non-EU vendorCloud PaaSHeadquarters: US

Fly.io: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Fly.io is a public cloud platform that runs code on hardware-isolated Linux virtual machines in regions around the world, close to users. Its offering includes Fly Machines, fast-booting VMs for web apps, APIs and background jobs, managed PostgreSQL with backups and failover, and Sprites, full Linux environments for AI agents. You work through the flyctl command-line tool and APIs, and the service is delivered as a cloud platform.

Fly.io is a US provider. According to its privacy statement, information is stored and processed in the United States, except marketing analytics, which sit with an EU-based processor; sensitive account information is kept on US servers. For application workloads you can choose a European region: Amsterdam, Stockholm, Paris, Frankfurt or London. Volumes and machines are tied to the region in which they are created. Fly.io is certified under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework and acts as a processor for customers' applications. A European organisation should assess the choice of region and the US-held account data separately.

See the 8 European alternatives ↓Assess your stack with Fly.io pre-selected

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Sovereignty score

27 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign

Jurisdiction SOV-210
Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
Data residency SOV-350
Hosting inside and outside Europe (US, EU)
Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-320
Key management with a non-European vendor
Freedom from lock-in SOV-640
Closed source: switching requires data migration
Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-615
Closed source, runtime with the vendor

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 2, 2026

Headquarters	US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision	Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model	Vendor-hosted (non-EU)Verified by hand
Data hosting	US, EUVerified by hand
Open-source	NoVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant	YesVendor-stated
Hosting signal	FLY - Fly.io, Inc., US (US)Technically measured
Category	Cloud PaaS
Type	Product
Website	fly.io ↗

The hosting signal shows the network that serves the vendor's website, often a CDN, and not necessarily where the service or your data is hosted. How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Fly.io

The European alternatives to Fly.io come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

31 European Cloud PaaS vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Fly.io

Fly.io is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Fly.io hosts data in US, EU. Exactly what stays within the EU — and what does not — is defined by the vendor's data processing agreement and sub-processor list, not by a setting you control yourself; check those documents for the precise scope, including backups, logs and support access.

Fly.io is closed source and hosted by the vendor. The encryption keys and the runtime sit with the vendor and switching requires data migration. Ask about bring-your-own-key, export options and open standards.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Fly.io together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Fly.io?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Fly.io include CapRover, Cloudron and Coolify. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Fly.io?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Fly.io include Coolify and Nhost. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Fly.io GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Fly.io is headquartered in US and hosts data in US, EU. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 2, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in Cloud PaaS

Cloud PaaS: Platform as a Service — managed runtimes, container orchestration, serverless. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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