EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceDesktop OSHeadquarters: FR

/e/OS: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

/e/OS is a smartphone operating system developed by e Foundation, a non-profit association registered in France. It is built on a de-Googled version of Android and, according to the project's website, can run most popular apps. The project publishes its source code on GitLab. Users can open a cloud account operated under the Murena Workspace name, and Murena sells smartphones with /e/OS pre-installed.

e Foundation is governed by the French law of 1901 on associations and has its seat in Paris. As a non-profit association it has no shareholders. Its legal notice names NextCloud, OnlyOffice and Postfix as the cloud services used, and it cites French data-protection law. The pages reviewed do not state where cloud data is hosted and do not refer to the GDPR. The licence of the source code was not identified on those pages. For a European organisation, the main points to examine are therefore the Murena cloud services and the apps installed on the device.

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Sovereignty score
94 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-2100
    Headquartered in the EU: European law applies
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    EU-only hosting
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-6100
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 11, 2026
HeadquartersFR (EU)Verified by hand
Sovereignty modelOpen-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hostingEUVerified by hand
Open-sourceYesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliantNoVendor-stated
CategoryDesktop OS
TypeProduct
Websitee.foundation ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to /e/OS

The European alternatives to /e/OS come from our knowledge base of over 6,200 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

22 European Desktop OS vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with /e/OS

/e/OS is headquartered in FR and therefore falls under European law: the GDPR, NIS2 and the Data Act. No foreign legislation can compel access to your data.

Data is hosted exclusively in the EU, so /e/OS scores best on data residency.

/e/OS is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs /e/OS together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to /e/OS?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to /e/OS include Alpine Linux, Devuan and EndeavourOS. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to /e/OS?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to /e/OS include Alpine Linux, Devuan, EndeavourOS, KDE neon, Linux Mint, Mageia, Manjaro and NixOS. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is /e/OS GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

/e/OS is headquartered in FR (EU) and hosts data in EU. It is also open-source, so you can self-host it. That makes /e/OS an EU-sovereign choice in its own right; the EU alternatives on this page are comparable European tools.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 11, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Cyber Resilience Act

Public signals that relate to the EU Cyber Resilience Act. They do not count towards the score. A missing line means "not found publicly".

We found none of these signals on the vendor's own site when we checked.

For products in scope of the CRA, CE marking is required from 11 December 2027; this cannot be checked yet.

Checked on October 11, 2026. What is the Cyber Resilience Act?

Digital sovereignty in Desktop OS

Desktop OS: Desktop operating system — daily work platform. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

Also in this category

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8 European alternatives to /e/OS — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score