Self-hosted / open sourceAI CoworkHeadquarters: US

Google Agent Development Kit (ADK): sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) is an open-source, code-first framework for building, evaluating and deploying AI agents. You define logic, tools and orchestration in code, with implementations for Python, TypeScript, Go, Java and Kotlin. ADK is optimised for Gemini but, according to its documentation, is model-agnostic and also works with local models. It is released under the Apache 2.0 licence. You can run agents in your own container, for example with Docker, or deploy them to Google Cloud with one command via Cloud Run, GKE or Agent Runtime.

ADK comes from Google, headquartered in the United States. Self-hosting keeps execution outside Google Cloud; the model provider you choose then determines where prompts go. When deploying to Google Cloud, Google's Cloud Data Processing Addendum, which covers the GDPR, and your selected region apply. According to Google, Agent Runtime supports data residency at rest. As a US provider, Google is subject to US jurisdiction, including the CLOUD Act, also for services in European regions.

See the 8 European alternatives ↓Assess your stack with Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) pre-selected

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Sovereignty score

69 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign

Jurisdiction SOV-210
Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
Data residency SOV-3100
No hosting in Europe (US)
Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
Open source: low switching costs
Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-665
Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 10, 2026

Headquarters	US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision	Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model	Open-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hosting	USVerified by hand
Open-source	YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant	YesVendor-stated
Category	AI Cowork
Type	Product
Website	adk.dev ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Google Agent Development Kit (ADK)

The European alternatives to Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

20 European AI Cowork vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Google Agent Development Kit (ADK)

Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) hosts data outside the EU (US). Personal data therefore leaves the EU, which requires a transfer mechanism under the GDPR and pulls the data residency score down.

Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Google Agent Development Kit (ADK)?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) include Haystack (deepset), Connic and 2501.ai. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Google Agent Development Kit (ADK)?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) include Haystack (deepset), Mistral AI and Nextcloud Assistant. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) is headquartered in US and hosts data in US. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 10, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in AI Cowork

AI Cowork: Autonomous AI desktop agents — multi-step task execution, document processing, workflow automation. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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