Self-hosted / open sourceAI CoworkHeadquarters: US

LlamaIndex: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

LlamaIndex is an open-source Python framework (MIT licence) for agentic applications over documents and your own data. It offers indexing and querying of documents, workflows, tools for building agents and many integrations for language models, embeddings and vector stores. The company behind it also focuses on LlamaParse, a cloud platform for document processing with components for parsing, extraction, indexing, splitting and agents. You use the framework as a library in your own application; LlamaParse and LlamaCloud are cloud services.

LlamaIndex, Inc. is subject to US law (Delaware) and is described in public sources as based in San Francisco. The library can be self-hosted. LlamaCloud has a North America region (AWS us-east-1) and a European region on AWS in Frankfurt; according to the documentation, data stays within the region it was uploaded to. The EU DPA includes standard contractual clauses for transfers to the US and notes that US-based staff may have access. As a US provider, LlamaIndex is subject to US jurisdiction.

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Sovereignty score

71 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign

Jurisdiction SOV-210
Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
Data residency SOV-3100
Hosting inside and outside Europe (US, EU)
Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
Open source: low switching costs
Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-675
Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 10, 2026

Headquarters	US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision	Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model	Open-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hosting	US, EUVerified by hand
Open-source	YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant	YesVendor-stated
Category	AI Cowork
Type	Product
Website	github.com ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to LlamaIndex

The European alternatives to LlamaIndex come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

20 European AI Cowork vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with LlamaIndex

LlamaIndex is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

LlamaIndex hosts data in US, EU. Exactly what stays within the EU — and what does not — is defined by the vendor's data processing agreement and sub-processor list, not by a setting you control yourself; check those documents for the precise scope, including backups, logs and support access.

LlamaIndex is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs LlamaIndex together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to LlamaIndex?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to LlamaIndex include Haystack (deepset), Connic and 2501.ai. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to LlamaIndex?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to LlamaIndex include Haystack (deepset), Mistral AI and Nextcloud Assistant. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is LlamaIndex GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

LlamaIndex is headquartered in US and hosts data in US, EU. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 10, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in AI Cowork

AI Cowork: Autonomous AI desktop agents — multi-step task execution, document processing, workflow automation. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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