EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceAI CoworkHeadquarters: US

OpenAI Agents SDK: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

The OpenAI Agents SDK is a lightweight open-source framework (MIT licence) for multi-agent workflows, available for Python and, in a separate repository, for JavaScript/TypeScript. An agent is a model with instructions and tools; the SDK adds a run loop, handoffs between agents, guardrails, sessions for working memory, MCP tools, human-in-the-loop support and tracing. By default it uses OpenAI's Responses API; adapters such as LiteLLM and Any-LLM allow other providers to be connected.

OpenAI is headquartered in the United States. Tracing is enabled by default and exports spans, including inputs and outputs, to the OpenAI backend; it can be disabled or replaced with your own trace processors. Tracing is unavailable under a Zero Data Retention policy. For the API, OpenAI offers eligible customers European data residency through a new project with Europe as the region. Which data goes to which model provider therefore depends on your configuration. As a US provider, OpenAI is subject to US jurisdiction, including the CLOUD Act.

Sovereignty score
71 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-210
    Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    Hosting inside and outside Europe (US, EU)
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-675
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 10, 2026
Headquarters
US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision
Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model
Open-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hosting
US, EUVerified by hand
Open-source
YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
YesVendor-stated
Category
Type
Product
Website

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to OpenAI Agents SDK

The European alternatives to OpenAI Agents SDK come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

20 European AI Cowork vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with OpenAI Agents SDK

OpenAI Agents SDK is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

OpenAI Agents SDK hosts data in US, EU. Exactly what stays within the EU — and what does not — is defined by the vendor's data processing agreement and sub-processor list, not by a setting you control yourself; check those documents for the precise scope, including backups, logs and support access.

OpenAI Agents SDK is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs OpenAI Agents SDK together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to OpenAI Agents SDK?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to OpenAI Agents SDK include Haystack (deepset), Connic and 2501.ai. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to OpenAI Agents SDK?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to OpenAI Agents SDK include Haystack (deepset), Mistral AI and Nextcloud Assistant. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is OpenAI Agents SDK GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

OpenAI Agents SDK is headquartered in US and hosts data in US, EU. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 10, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in AI Cowork

AI Cowork: Autonomous AI desktop agents — multi-step task execution, document processing, workflow automation. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to OpenAI Agents SDK — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score