EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceData Platform & WarehouseHeadquarters: US

Trino: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Trino is an open-source distributed SQL query engine for big-data analytics. It queries data where it already lives, in systems such as Hadoop, S3, Cassandra and MySQL, and one query can join data across several of them (query federation). It is ANSI SQL compliant and works with BI tools such as Tableau, Power BI and Superset. It is software that you deploy yourself, on-premises or in the cloud, including on Amazon, Azure and Google Cloud.

Trino is released under the Apache 2.0 licence and is community-driven under the non-profit Trino Software Foundation, so it is not tied to a single vendor. It was formerly known as PrestoSQL. Because you run it on your own infrastructure, you decide where the engine and the data reside. Commercial distributions and managed services exist, for example from Starburst, a US company; if you use one, that vendor's jurisdiction applies to the service. The engine's openness keeps a switch between providers possible.

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Sovereignty score
71 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-210
    Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    Hosting inside and outside Europe (EU, OTHER)
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-675
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 5, 2026
Headquarters
US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision
Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model
Open-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hosting
EU, OTHERVerified by hand
Open-source
YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
YesVendor-stated
Category
Data Platform & Warehouse
Type
Product
Website
trino.io ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Trino

The European alternatives to Trino come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

12 European Data Platform & Warehouse vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Trino

Trino is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Trino hosts data in EU, OTHER. Exactly what stays within the EU — and what does not — is defined by the vendor's data processing agreement and sub-processor list, not by a setting you control yourself; check those documents for the precise scope, including backups, logs and support access.

Trino is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Trino together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Trino?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Trino include DuckDB, Exasol and Falkor. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Trino?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Trino include DuckDB, Garage and MonetDB. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Trino GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Trino is headquartered in US and hosts data in EU, OTHER. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 5, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in Data Platform & Warehouse

Data Platform & Warehouse: Lakehouses, cloud data warehouses, data-lake storage and analytical databases for enterprise-wide analysis. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to Trino — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score