Non-EU vendorVirtualisation & ContainersHeadquarters: US

Google Cloud Run: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Google Cloud Run is a managed serverless platform from Google Cloud on which you run containers and source code without managing servers. Each Cloud Run resource runs in a region of your choice. The service is available in many regions, including several European locations such as Finland, Stockholm, Madrid, Belgium, Frankfurt, the Netherlands, Milan, Paris, Berlin, Turin and Warsaw, as well as Zurich, London and regions in Asia, the Americas, Africa, the Middle East and Australia. It is offered only as a cloud service.

Cloud Run is a Google product, part of Alphabet, headquartered in the United States. The service is therefore subject to US law, including the CLOUD Act, even when you choose a European region. Google offers a Cloud Data Processing Addendum in which Google acts as processor and which refers to the EU and UK GDPR. An EU region determines where data is stored, but not who has legal control over it; European organisations with strict sovereignty requirements should weigh that.

See the 8 European alternatives ↓Assess your stack with Google Cloud Run pre-selected

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Sovereignty score

27 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign

Jurisdiction SOV-210
Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
Data residency SOV-350
Hosting inside and outside Europe (US, EU, CH, OTHER)
Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-320
Key management with a non-European vendor
Freedom from lock-in SOV-640
Closed source: switching requires data migration
Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-615
Closed source, runtime with the vendor

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 13, 2026

Headquarters	US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision	Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model	Vendor-hosted (non-EU)Verified by hand
Data hosting	US, EU, CH, OTHERVerified by hand
Open-source	NoVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant	YesVendor-stated
Category	Virtualisation & Containers
Type	Product
Website	cloud.google.com ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Google Cloud Run

The European alternatives to Google Cloud Run come from our knowledge base of over 8,000 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

23 European Virtualisation & Containers vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Google Cloud Run

Google Cloud Run is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Google Cloud Run hosts data in US, EU, CH, OTHER. Exactly what stays within the EU — and what does not — is defined by the vendor's data processing agreement and sub-processor list, not by a setting you control yourself; check those documents for the precise scope, including backups, logs and support access.

Google Cloud Run is closed source and hosted by the vendor. The encryption keys and the runtime sit with the vendor and switching requires data migration. Ask about bring-your-own-key, export options and open standards.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Google Cloud Run together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Google Cloud Run?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Google Cloud Run include APPUiO (VSHN), Capsule and Gardener. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Google Cloud Run?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Google Cloud Run include Capsule, Gardener, Giant Swarm, Harvester, IncludeOS, K3s and Kamaji. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Google Cloud Run GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Google Cloud Run is headquartered in US and hosts data in US, EU, CH, OTHER. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 13, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Cyber Resilience Act

Public signals that relate to the EU Cyber Resilience Act. They do not count towards the score. A missing line means "not found publicly".

We found none of these signals on the vendor's own site when we checked.

For products in scope of the CRA, CE marking is required from 11 December 2027; this cannot be checked yet.

Checked on October 13, 2026. What is the Cyber Resilience Act?

In the changelog

Earlier changes to this page, as listed in the public changelog.

187 non-European services added that you can now enter in the assessment (October 13, 2026)

Digital sovereignty in Virtualisation & Containers

Virtualisation & Containers: Virtualisation platforms, container management, Kubernetes distributions and hypervisors. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

Also in this category

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