EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceVirtualisation & ContainersHeadquarters: ES

OpenNebula: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

OpenNebula is an open source platform for building and running private, hybrid and edge clouds. It manages virtual machines, Kubernetes clusters and GPU-accelerated workloads from one platform, with a web interface, command line, REST API and Terraform provider. Capabilities include multi-tenancy with role-based access control and quotas, high availability, scheduling, federation across sites, a marketplace of ready-made appliances, and tools for migrating workloads from VMware. It supports hypervisors such as KVM, LXC and Firecracker. OpenNebula is installed on infrastructure you operate; the vendor sells subscriptions and services for it.

The Community Edition is released under the Apache 2.0 licence, while the Enterprise Edition is closed source and requires a commercial subscription. The software is developed and sponsored by OpenNebula Systems, a company headquartered in Madrid, Spain. Since you run the platform on your own or a chosen provider's infrastructure, data stays where you deploy it, including EU data centres. OpenNebula presents itself as a platform for sovereign cloud infrastructure.

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Sovereignty score
94 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-2100
    Headquartered in the EU: European law applies
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    EU-only hosting
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-6100
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked September 8, 2026
HeadquartersES (EU)Verified by hand
Sovereignty modelOpen-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hostingEUVerified by hand
Open-sourceYesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliantYesVendor-stated
Hosting signalAMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US (US)Technically measured
CategoryVirtualisation & Containers
TypeProduct
Websiteopennebula.io ↗

The hosting signal shows the network that serves the vendor's website, often a CDN, and not necessarily where the service or your data is hosted. How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to OpenNebula

The European alternatives to OpenNebula come from our knowledge base of over 6,200 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

20 European Virtualisation & Containers vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with OpenNebula

OpenNebula is headquartered in ES and therefore falls under European law: the GDPR, NIS2 and the Data Act. No foreign legislation can compel access to your data.

Data is hosted exclusively in the EU, so OpenNebula scores best on data residency.

OpenNebula is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs OpenNebula together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to OpenNebula?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to OpenNebula include APPUiO (VSHN), Gardener and Giant Swarm. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to OpenNebula?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to OpenNebula include Gardener, Giant Swarm, Harvester, IncludeOS, K3s, Kamaji and Kubermatic. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is OpenNebula GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

OpenNebula is headquartered in ES (EU) and hosts data in EU. It is also open-source, so you can self-host it. That makes OpenNebula an EU-sovereign choice in its own right; the EU alternatives on this page are comparable European tools.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on September 8, 2026.

Sources

This record was checked via the vendor's website and legal notice when it was added on September 8, 2026. Source links have been recorded per record since 20 September 2026.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Cyber Resilience Act

Public signals that relate to the EU Cyber Resilience Act. They do not count towards the score. A missing line means "not found publicly".

Report a vulnerability
opennebula.io/contact/
Supported versions
github.com/OpenNebula/one/wiki/Release-Policy
Organisation behind the open-source project
OpenNebula Systems

For products in scope of the CRA, CE marking is required from 11 December 2027; this cannot be checked yet.

Checked on October 9, 2026. What is the Cyber Resilience Act?

Digital sovereignty in Virtualisation & Containers

Virtualisation & Containers: Virtualisation platforms, container management, Kubernetes distributions and hypervisors. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

Also in this category

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8 European alternatives to OpenNebula — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score