EU Sovereignty Score
Non-EU vendorDatabase & Data ManagementHeadquarters: US

MongoDB: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

MongoDB is a document database that stores JSON-like (BSON) documents with a flexible schema. It supports sharding, replication, aggregation and multi-document ACID transactions. MongoDB is delivered as MongoDB Atlas, a managed multi-cloud service on AWS, Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure that includes Atlas Search and Vector Search, or as a self-managed Community Server and Enterprise Advanced that organisations run on their own infrastructure.

MongoDB, Inc. is a publicly listed US company headquartered in New York. Since October 2018 the Community Server has been licensed under the Server Side Public License (SSPL): the source code is available, but the Open Source Initiative does not recognise the licence as open source. Enterprise Advanced is proprietary. Atlas offers European regions on AWS, including Ireland, Frankfurt, Stockholm, Paris, Milan, Zurich and Spain. Self-hosting keeps data on infrastructure the organisation controls. As a US company, MongoDB falls under US jurisdiction, including the CLOUD Act.

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Sovereignty score
27 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-210
    Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
  • Data residency SOV-350
    Hosting inside and outside Europe (US, EU, APAC)
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-320
    Key management with a non-European vendor
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-640
    Closed source: switching requires data migration
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-615
    Closed source, runtime with the vendor

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked July 2, 2026
HeadquartersUS (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decisionOnly for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty modelVendor-hosted (non-EU)Verified by hand
Data hostingUS, EU, APACVerified by hand
Open-sourceNoVerified by hand
GDPR-compliantYesVendor-stated
Hosting signalAMAZON-02 - Amazon.com, Inc., US (US)Technically measured
CategoryDatabase & Data Management
TypeProduct
Websitemongodb.com ↗

The hosting signal shows the network that serves the vendor's website, often a CDN, and not necessarily where the service or your data is hosted. How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to MongoDB

The European alternatives to MongoDB come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

13 European Database & Data Management vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with MongoDB

MongoDB is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

MongoDB hosts data in US, EU, APAC. Exactly what stays within the EU — and what does not — is defined by the vendor's data processing agreement and sub-processor list, not by a setting you control yourself; check those documents for the precise scope, including backups, logs and support access.

MongoDB is closed source and hosted by the vendor. The encryption keys and the runtime sit with the vendor and switching requires data migration. Ask about bring-your-own-key, export options and open standards.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs MongoDB together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to MongoDB?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to MongoDB include Aiven, ArangoDB and DuckDB. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to MongoDB?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to MongoDB include DuckDB, Elastic and Firebird SQL. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is MongoDB GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

MongoDB is headquartered in US and hosts data in US, EU, APAC. The vendor states it is GDPR-compliant, but the data falls under non-EU jurisdiction. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on July 2, 2026.

Sources

This record was checked via the vendor's website and legal notice during the full audit of June and July 2026. Source links have been recorded per record since 20 September 2026.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

CSA STARConfirmed in registry

Digital sovereignty in Database & Data Management

Database & Data Management: Database systems, data warehousing, managed database services and data platforms. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to MongoDB — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score