EU Sovereignty Score
EU sovereignCloud IaaSHeadquarters: NL

Nebius: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Nebius is an AI cloud provider offering compute, AI storage, managed inference and tooling for training and deploying machine-learning models. The services are delivered as a cloud platform to businesses and developers. The operating entity named on the company's website is Nebius B.V., and the group was formerly known as Yandex N.V.

Nebius is headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and its shares are listed on Nasdaq. The company states that it operates under the GDPR as an EU data processor and that customers can choose the geographic region where their data is stored and processed. Its newsroom describes a large data centre in Mäntsälä, Finland, inside the EU. The website does not list all hosting locations, so the chosen region and sub-processors should be confirmed in the contract. The sources reviewed name no controlling shareholder. The Dutch seat and the Finnish site give the service a clear EU footprint.

Sovereignty score
71 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-2100
    Headquartered in the EU: European law applies
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    EU-only hosting
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-360
    Key management with a European vendor
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-640
    Closed source: switching requires data migration
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-655
    Closed source, runtime with the vendor

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 10, 2026
HeadquartersNL (EU)Verified by hand
Sovereignty modelVendor-hosted (EU)Verified by hand
Data hostingEUVerified by hand
Open-sourceNoVerified by hand
GDPR-compliantYesVendor-stated
CategoryCloud IaaS
TypeProduct
Websitenebius.com ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Nebius

The European alternatives to Nebius come from our knowledge base of over 6,200 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

84 European Cloud IaaS vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Nebius

Nebius is headquartered in NL and therefore falls under European law: the GDPR, NIS2 and the Data Act. No foreign legislation can compel access to your data.

Data is hosted exclusively in the EU, so Nebius scores best on data residency.

Nebius is closed source and hosted by the vendor. The encryption keys and the runtime sit with the vendor and switching requires data migration. Ask about bring-your-own-key, export options and open standards.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Nebius together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Nebius?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Nebius include 1984 Hosting, acens and Aiven. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Nebius?

Our list of EU alternatives to Nebius is mostly commercial options. Browse the category on the map for open-source choices.

Is Nebius GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Nebius is headquartered in NL (EU) and hosts data in EU. That makes Nebius an EU-sovereign choice in its own right; the EU alternatives on this page are comparable European tools.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 10, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in Cloud IaaS

Cloud IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service — virtual machines, storage, networking. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to Nebius — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score