EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceBPM & WorkflowHeadquarters: US

Open Workflow Specification: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Open Workflow Specification is a vendor-neutral, open-source specification and ecosystem for describing workflows. The CNCF project page describes its core as a standards-based domain-specific language, supported by open-source developer tools and runtimes. The project was long known as Serverless Workflow, a name that still appears in its repository and project description. It is positioned as a neutral alternative to proprietary cloud workflow services such as AWS Step Functions.

The Cloud Native Computing Foundation accepted the project at the Sandbox maturity level in July 2020, and the CNCF is part of the Linux Foundation. The specification is published under the Apache 2.0 licence and is developed by a community rather than by one company. Because it is an open specification, organisations can run compatible runtimes on their own infrastructure, and using it requires no contract or data flow with a single vendor. Governance, however, sits within the CNCF and Linux Foundation structure, which are US-based organisations.

Sovereignty score
69 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-210
    Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    No hosting in Europe (US)
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
    Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
    Open source: low switching costs
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-665
    Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 12, 2026
Headquarters
US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision
Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model
Open-source, distributedVerified by hand
Data hosting
USVerified by hand
Open-source
YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
NoVendor-stated
Category
Type
Product
Website

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Open Workflow Specification

The European alternatives to Open Workflow Specification come from our knowledge base of over 7,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

26 European BPM & Workflow vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Open Workflow Specification

Open Workflow Specification is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Open Workflow Specification hosts data outside the EU (US). Personal data therefore leaves the EU, which requires a transfer mechanism under the GDPR and pulls the data residency score down.

Open Workflow Specification is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Open Workflow Specification together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Open Workflow Specification?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Open Workflow Specification include Albato, ARIS and Automatisch. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Open Workflow Specification?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Open Workflow Specification include Automatisch, Ofelia (Bonita) and CIB seven. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Open Workflow Specification GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Open Workflow Specification is headquartered in US and hosts data in US. Its GDPR compliance is limited or unclear. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 12, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in BPM & Workflow

BPM & Workflow: Business process management, workflow automation and process modelling. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to Open Workflow Specification — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score