EU Sovereignty Score
Self-hosted / open sourceAI SecurityHeadquarters: FR

Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Concrete ML and TFHE-rs are Zama libraries for fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Concrete ML is a toolkit for privacy-preserving machine learning with scikit-learn-like models and can convert PyTorch and ONNX models to FHE, so that predictions can run on encrypted inputs. They are meant for developers and data specialists who want to process sensitive data without decrypting it, and offer a European building block next to cloud services where the provider sees the plaintext. They run on your own infrastructure.

Zama SAS is a French company headquartered in Paris. The source code is on GitHub under the BSD-3-Clause-Clear licence, but according to the project's FAQ this use covers only development, research, prototyping and experimentation. Commercial use requires a patent licence from Zama, so unrestricted commercial use is not covered by the open licence. No foreign parent company has been established. Because they are libraries that you run yourself, the data stays with you; a processor relationship with Zama does not arise automatically.

Sovereignty score
80 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign
  • Jurisdiction SOV-2100
    Headquartered in the EU: European law applies
  • Data residency SOV-3100
    EU-only hosting
  • Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-380
    Closed source, but self-hostable: encryption keys and runtime under your own control
  • Freedom from lock-in SOV-640
    Closed source: switching requires data migration
  • Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-680
    Closed source, but self-hostable on your own infrastructure

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 12, 2026
Headquarters
FR (EU)Verified by hand
Data hosting
Self-hosted, e.g. in EU (your choice)Verified by hand
Open-source
NoVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant
NoVendor-stated
Category
Type
Product
Website

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs

The European alternatives to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs come from our knowledge base of over 7,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

19 European AI Security vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs

Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs is headquartered in FR and therefore falls under European law: the GDPR, NIS2 and the Data Act. No foreign legislation can compel access to your data.

Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs runs on infrastructure you choose and control yourself. You decide where the data lives, including fully within the EU if you want — this is not a fixed hosting choice made by the vendor.

Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs is closed source, but you run the software yourself on your own infrastructure. The encryption keys and the runtime therefore stay under your own control, though you cannot audit or modify the source code. Ask about export options and open standards to limit software-level lock-in.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs include 2021.AI GRACE, CalypsoAI and Giskard. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs include Giskard, Invariant Labs and Mistral Shieldstral. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs is headquartered in FR (EU) and hosts data in EU. That makes Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs an EU-sovereign choice in its own right; the EU alternatives on this page are comparable European tools.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 12, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in AI Security

AI Security: Security for AI/LLM systems — prompt-injection detection, AI red-teaming, agentic security posture management and AI governance guardrails. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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8 European alternatives to Zama Concrete ML / TFHE-rs — GDPR-compliant & EU-hosted · EU Sovereignty Score