Non-EU vendorDevOpsHeadquarters: US

Pulumi: sovereignty score and 8 European alternatives

Pulumi is an infrastructure-as-code platform that lets teams define and manage cloud infrastructure in general-purpose languages such as TypeScript, Python, Go and .NET, rather than in a separate configuration language. Its SDKs and command-line tool are open source under the Apache 2.0 licence. Pulumi Cloud, a hosted service, manages organisation access, security and deployments, and the company states that it can also be deployed on an organisation's own infrastructure with the Enterprise edition.

Pulumi is a privately held company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, founded in 2017. Its public pages do not state where Pulumi Cloud stores customer data, so the hosting location should be confirmed with the vendor before use. As a US company it falls under US jurisdiction for data it controls. For a European organisation the open-source SDKs can run on local infrastructure, while the hosted control plane is a separate decision that needs a data processing review.

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Sovereignty score

49 / 1000 = high exposure
100 = sovereign

Jurisdiction SOV-210
Headquartered in the US: CLOUD Act and FISA 702
Data residency SOV-30
No hosting in Europe (US)
Cryptographic key sovereignty SOV-390
Self-hostable: encryption keys under your own control
Freedom from lock-in SOV-680
Open source: low switching costs
Source & runtime sovereignty SOV-4 · SOV-665
Source code auditable, forkable and self-hostable

SOV codes: the matching objective in the European Commission's Cloud Sovereignty Framework. Official source

How the score is calculated

Facts and evidence

Last checked October 10, 2026

Headquarters	US (US)Verified by hand
EU adequacy decision	Only for companies individually certified under the EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkVerified by hand
Sovereignty model	Vendor-hosted (non-EU)Verified by hand
Data hosting	USVerified by hand
Open-source	YesVerified by hand
GDPR-compliant	NoVendor-stated
Category	DevOps
Type	Product
Website	pulumi.com ↗

How we verify · Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Top EU-based & GDPR-compliant alternatives to Pulumi

The European alternatives to Pulumi come from our knowledge base of over 6,800 vendors. We only list vendors headquartered in the EU or the EEA; fully European-owned vendors rank before vendors with a foreign owner. For each alternative you see the country, the open-source status and a short description.

Score per alternative: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

38 European DevOps vendors are in the catalogue. View the whole category · Submit an alternative · View category on the map

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Why digital sovereignty matters with Pulumi

Pulumi is headquartered in the United States. US vendors fall under the CLOUD Act and FISA 702: US authorities can compel access to data, even when that data sits in a European data centre. That is the core of the jurisdictional exposure in our model.

Pulumi hosts data outside the EU (US). Personal data therefore leaves the EU, which requires a transfer mechanism under the GDPR and pulls the data residency score down.

Pulumi is open source. You can audit the source code, self-host the software and keep the encryption keys under your own control. Switching is easier because data and software are not tied to a single party.

What this means for your organisation depends on your whole stack and context. The free assessment weighs Pulumi together with your other vendors and gives a total score, a heatmap and the main risk drivers.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best European alternative to Pulumi?

It depends on your use case. Strong EU alternatives to Pulumi include Buddy, CFEngine and Checkmk. On this page you can compare 8 EU alternatives by jurisdiction, data residency and open-source status.

Are there open-source alternatives to Pulumi?

Yes. Open-source EU alternatives to Pulumi include CFEngine, Checkmk, Codeberg and Eclipse Che. These keep your data fully under your own control and let you self-host if you want to.

Is Pulumi GDPR-compliant and where is the data hosted?

Pulumi is headquartered in US and hosts data in US. Its GDPR compliance is limited or unclear. For full EU data residency the EU alternatives on this page usually offer more certainty.

Details and sources

Verified by handHeadquarters, owner, hosting locations and licence have been checked by us against public sources. Free of charge and for every vendor, not a paid label. Nothing in this knowledge base is taken over automatically. Last checked on October 10, 2026.

Sources

Public sources used in the latest check of this record.

Compliance evidence

The links below point to the vendor's own public documents. We only record what we found: a missing link means "not found publicly", not "not compliant".

No public compliance evidence has been recorded for this vendor yet. Do you know its DPA or subprocessor list? Something wrong? Suggest a correction

Digital sovereignty in DevOps

DevOps: CI/CD, infrastructure as code, monitoring, container registries. In this category the choice of vendor determines who has legal access to your data, where that data lives and how easily you can switch later.

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