EU Sovereignty Score

Password Manager: 25 European alternatives to 1Password, LastPass and Keeper

Password managers store credentials in an encrypted vault, generate strong passwords, fill them into websites and apps, and increasingly hold passkeys, one-time codes and secure notes. Organisations use them to give staff unique passwords per service, to share access to team accounts without sending secrets over chat, and to revoke access when someone leaves.

The design of the vault matters more than the location of the server. Look for documentation that explains what is encrypted on the device before synchronisation, how the master key is derived, what happens when a user forgets the master password, and what an administrator can recover. Recovery features and escrow are convenient but also give someone other than the user a route into the vault. Clients and browser extensions run in a hostile environment, so independent security audits and a clear disclosure process count. Migration is generally possible through export files, which are often unencrypted and must be handled with care.

When choosing a European option, ask for published audits, open-source clients, self-hosting options, support for single sign-on and directory synchronisation, and a transparent incident history. Products such as 1Password are common reference points for features.

vendors scored
49
European
25
American
18
other
6
last checked
11 October 2026

49 vendors in total: 25 European, 18 American, 6 other; 15 open source.

European vendors

Score per vendor: 0 = high exposure, 100 = sovereign

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Alternatives to 1Password, LastPass, Keeper and other non-European vendors

For each vendor, the page with European alternatives and the sovereignty profile.

Why this matters for digital sovereignty

A password manager holds the key to all your other accounts, which makes encryption and the provider's hosting country critically important under GDPR. Check whether encryption is zero-knowledge, who could theoretically reach the keys, and whether self-hosting is possible.

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Frequently asked questions

Which European Password Manager vendors are there?

The knowledge base lists 25 European Password Manager vendors, including AuthPass, Avira Password Manager, Dashlane and F-Secure ID Protection. Every record is checked for headquarters, ultimate owner, hosting locations and licence.

Are there open-source options for Password Manager?

Yes. Open-source Password Manager software from Europe includes AuthPass, gopass, KeePass and KeePassXC; you can self-host it with the encryption keys under your own control.